Average size and amount of Enhancer and Promoters ?

Question

[osiemen]

Hi,

Is there any known literature about the average size(in bp) and amount(#count) of Enhancers and Promoters the genome has?

I want to use this info in order to say something about the chance that a mutation can occur on these elements. (not based on conservation) Since I have my own data set and want to compare it with actual reference values.

Thank you!

Answer 1

[Hussain Ather]

"Transcriptional control regions often contain multiple, autonomous enhancer modules that vary from about 50 bp to 1.5 kbp in size." (Blackwood et al 1998) "It is estimated that hundreds of thousands of enhancers exist in the human genome." (Penacchio et al 2013)

"Promoter length can vary from 100 to 1000 base pairs." (Sharan et al 2007)

[GenoMax]

Do you know if those estimates are still valid after 20 and 10 years from when those papers came out?

[Hussain Ather]

I think so. I've read papers with similar numbers. If I come across one, I'll link it.

[igor]

I've seen people define promoters as much as 10kb from the TSS. I don't have a reference, but that's another theory.

[osiemen]

In the data sets I have been using, I found significant differences in bp size of promoters (as well for enhancers). The biggest promoter I found had size of 2304635bp ,seems like a little but to much?

Answer 2

[natasha.sernova]

See this recent article.

In the loop: promoter–enhancer interactions and bioinformatics

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5142009/

But the size and amount depend upon many additional factors.

[osiemen]

I have read this paper a while ago , didn't find what I was looking for specifically ,but it helped me with some additional info.

thank you!