Can different genes encode the same proteins?

Question

[songyeon0425]

Hi, I have a question about the relationship between genes and proteins (or enzymes). \ When I searched the information about them, I found that some proteins were commonly mentioned with the different genes in UniProtKB.\ Here's the example result on the ec.2.7.11.1(serine/threonine protein kinase).

I couldn't understand why there were so many proteins sharing the same name across several genes. \ Can the numerous genes encode the same proteins?\ Or if I misunderstand the result in UniProtKB, can you explain the relationship?

Answer 1

[b.contreras.moreira]

The Enzyme Commission (EC) numbers define enzymatic reactions in a hierarchical manner. In your example, 2. enzymes are transferases, 2.7. correspond to "Transferring Phosphorus-Containing Group", and so on. So these codes are for enzymes, and different genes might encode different proteins with the same enzymatic activity.

Answer 2

[michael.ante]

Hi,

Although both proteins have the same function, they already differ in size (as given in your screenshot). Looking at their genomic coordinates shows that they are located on different chromosomes/locations.

Deriving from the names themselves, or looking at the 'Subcellular Location' and 'Expression' sections in their entries, you can see that they have a different specificity. Different tissues and different cell compartments have different chemical milieus. It seems it have been evolutionary beneficial to have adapted enzymes for different environments.